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The jade hawkmoth, a large-bodied moth, defends itself against the eastern red bat and other insect-eating bats, which use echolocation to hunt, by emitting ultrasonic clicks that can, for instance, disrupt the bats' echolocation signals. To investigate moths' defensive ultrasound-which researchers had thought was exclusive to tiger moths, hawkmoths, and one species of geometer moths-Akito Y. Kawahara et al. recorded the responses of moths from 252 genera, representing most families of large-bodied moths, to audio playback of bat echolocation. The researchers found that 52 of the genera, including several genera belonging to the geometer family, produced defensive ultrasonic clicks. This result suggests that

anti-bat ultrasound production may be a more prevalent defense strategy among large-bodied moths than previously known to researchers.

ultrasound production is only one of a diverse range of effective strategies moths employ to evade bat attacks.

unlike the 52 moth genera that emit ultrasonic clicks, most moth genera have likely not developed defenses specifically against bat attacks.

some genera of large-bodied moths may use ultrasonic signaling for purposes other than avoiding capture by predators such as the eastern red bat.