Which choice most logically completes the text?

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Prolonged exposure to anthropogenic noise (sounds from human sources like traffic or mining) can affect animals, as Graeme Shannon and colleagues found in a 2014 study of black-tailed prairie dogs. Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of studies of how such noise affects animals and found that, for every study, relevant traits or behaviors of the animals were observably different between the exposed group and the otherwise similar but unexposed group. Although, on average, studies of mammals showed larger differences than studies of fish did, for every class of animals examined, there were individual studies showing differences well above the average for mammals. Therefore, the results of the meta-analysis suggest that

some studies of fish found larger effects of exposure to anthropogenic noise than some studies of mammals did.

the differences that studies attribute to exposure to anthropogenic noise are likely to be more pronounced for fish than they are for mammals.

the difference found in the study conducted by Graeme Shannon and colleagues was likely larger than the average difference for studies of black-tailed prairie dogs included in the meta-analysis.

the studies in the meta-analysis that examined mammals were more likely than those that examined fish to specify whether the observed effects were detrimental.