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In a 2012 study that took place in Brazil, Enelton Fagnani, José Roberto Guimarã, and Pedro Sérgio Fadini found a negative association between levels of dissolved organic carbon and mercury in bodies of fresh water. It may seem reasonable to be skeptical of this finding, since most other studies, such as research conducted in 1995 in the United States by Charles T. Driscoll and colleagues, have found that dissolved organic carbon and mercury levels rise together. Like the latter study, however, most studies of the topic have been conducted in North America, and many of those study sites have similar characteristics to one another, suggesting that

few of the studies conducted in North America have been able to measure dissolved organic carbon and mercury levels with the same level of precision as in Fagnani, Guimarã, and Fadini's study.

Fagnani, Guimarã, and Fadini's finding may differ from the findings of other studies due to a difference in environmental circumstances that affects the relationship between dissolved organic carbon and mercury in fresh water.

Fagnani, Guimarã, and Fadini's study may have inadvertently measured a different characteristic of bodies of fresh water than their levels of dissolved organic carbon and mercury.

the mercury levels reported in Fagnani, Guimarã, and Fadini's study were much higher than those reported in the study by Driscoll and colleagues even though the dissolved organic carbon levels reported in the two studies were approximately the same.