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Quasars such as APM 08279-5255, located in the Lynx constellation—are extremely luminous galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes, some of which are known to have developed within the first billion years of the formation of the universe. Based on simulations they conducted, astrophysicists Daniel Whalen, Muhammad Latif, and colleagues concluded that these early quasars developed partly as a result of rare convergences of gases in space without the need for ultraviolet backgrounds or other extreme and implausible environmental conditions that models of the early universe have included to account for the presence of these quasars. If this conclusion is correct, it suggests that

future models of the early universe may not need to include conditions that explain early quasars since those quasars may not have actually existed at the time.

it may be possible to develop models of the early universe that rest on more credible assumptions than previous models have.

factors that previous models of the early universe assumed were necessary for the formation of quasars may have actually been consequences of the formation of quasars.

previous models of the early universe may have underemphasized the importance of ultraviolet backgrounds to quasar formation.