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British professional soccer team Sheffield United Football Club, whose home uniform color is mainly red, won more than half its home matches between 1947 and 2003. This is a higher proportion of home matches than Cardiff City Football Club, whose home uniform color is not red, won during the same period. According to a study by Martin J. Attrill and colleagues, the color red can cause people to respond with fear and hesitation, which the researchers think helps explain Sheffield United's success. Nadav Goldschmied and colleagues reanalyzed the published data from this study, however, and found no evidence that red-uniformed teams are more likely than other teams to win, suggesting that Sheffield United's success at its home stadium is _____