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The jade hawkmoth, a large-bodied moth, defends itself against Brandt's myotis and other insect-eating bats, which use echolocation to hunt, by emitting ultrasonic clicks that can, for instance, signal the moths' unpleasant taste. To investigate moths' defensive ultrasound—which researchers had thought was exclusive to tiger moths, hawkmoths, and one species of geometer moths—Jesse R. Barber et al. recorded the responses of moths from 252 genera, representing most families of large-bodied moths, to audio playback of bat echolocation. The researchers found that 52 of the genera, including several genera belonging to the geometer family, produced defensive ultrasonic clicks. This result suggests that

unlike the 52 moth genera that emit ultrasonic clicks, most moth genera have likely not developed defenses specifically against bat attacks.

some genera of large-bodied moths may use ultrasonic signaling for purposes other than avoiding capture by predators such as Brandt's myotis.

ultrasound production is only one of a diverse range of effective strategies moths employ to evade bat attacks.

anti-bat ultrasound production may be a more prevalent defense strategy among large-bodied moths than previously known to researchers.