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As exemplified by Temiar songs about landforms and landmarks and Lakota songs about gathering mouse beans, ecological information can be transmitted in Indigenous songs, and in some instances is maintained only in this way. Kwaxsistalla Wathl'thla, a song keeper for the Kwakwaka'wakw people in Canada, collaborated with ethnobiologist Dana Lepofsky et al., sharing songs referencing terraced intertidal clam gardens the people implemented in the past to foster healthy development of a dietary staple. Drawing on archaeological evidence as well, Lepofsky et al. determined that the prevalence of the practice described in the songs corresponded with growth in clam size and abundance despite increased harvesting pressure-a finding that demonstrates that

representation of practical applications of ecological knowledge is the defining characteristic of the music of certain Indigenous peoples.

the Kwakwaka'wakw people likely would not have detailed their creation of clam gardens in songs if their efforts had not produced significantly larger clams.

the clams harvested from intertidal terraces by Kwakwaka'wakw people in the past likely were a different species than the clams found in those areas today.

effective methods for the cultivation of sources of sustenance are among the ecological knowledge preserved in Indigenous songs.