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The following text is adapted from Daniel Defoe’s 1704 nonfiction book The Storm.

If I judge right, ’tis the duty of an historian to set everything in its own light, and to convey matter of fact upon its legitimate authority, and no other: I mean thus, (for I would be as explicit as I can) that where a story is vouched to him with sufficient authority, he ought to give the world the special testimonial of its proper voucher, or else he is not just to the story: and where it comes without such sufficient authority, he ought to say so; otherwise he is not just to himself.

Historians rarely have access to all the information relevant to a particular event, so no single work of history should be taken as definitive.

The only figures that a historian should quote are those who are widely viewed as credible.

Historians should clearly indicate the extent to which each of their sources is trustworthy.

Because historians cannot tell whose memories they should trust, they should avoid relying on eyewitness accounts of events.