A student wants to undermine a scientific assumption about magma cham… | Verbal SAT Question

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

A student has taken the following notes:
A team of researchers led by Guanning Pang discovered that inactive volcanoes in the Cascade Range have large underground magma chambers 3 to 9 miles below their surface.
Some of these volcanoes have been dormant for thousands of years.
Researchers detected magma by tracking earthquake waves that slowed down when passing through chambers of magma consisting of 3% to 32% melted rock.
Magma chambers need over 35% liquid rock to potentially erupt.
These findings challenge the scientific theory that magma chambers only exist right before eruptions.
The discovery could improve volcano monitoring and eruption prediction methods.

A student wants to undermine a scientific assumption about magma chambers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Scientists found inactive Cascade Range volcanoes with large magma chambers below their surface, challenging the theory that magma chambers only exist right before eruptions.

Magma chambers need over 35% liquid rock to potentially erupt, refuting the assumption that volcanoes dormant for thousands of years have melted rock below.

Researchers detected magma chambers by tracking earthquake waves through partially melted rock, improving volcano monitoring and eruption prediction methods for dormant volcanoes.

By tracking earthquake waves, Pang found that magma reservoirs sit 3 to 9 miles below the Cascade Range volcanoes’ surface and need over 35% liquid magma to potentially erupt.