Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the convention…

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Between November 28 and December 9 each year, particles shed by comet 289P/Blanpain enter Earth's atmosphere at a velocity of 18 kilometers per second. Relatively few of these particles are likely to reach Earth's since the meteoroids' compression of the air surrounding them causes the vast majority to burn up in the mesosphere, producing the Phoenicid meteor shower.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

surface, however,

surface however,

surface. However,

surface, however;