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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
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- 2024: Spain and Portugal sponsored a workshop to address recent encounters between Iberian orcas and marine vessels off the Iberian Peninsula.
- Many of the 637 documented incidents involved pods of orcas damaging vessels by ramming, nudging, or biting the rudders.
- Studies of Iberian orcas suggest recent increases in tuna populations have reduced the time the orcas spend hunting by 99%.
- Researchers believe this shift has increased the number of interactions between marine vessels and understimulated orcas.
- The workshop advised mariners to avoid orcas pending further testing of the efficacy of TAST, a harmless acoustic deterrent.