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Evan MacLean and colleagues evaluated behavioral and genetic data from over 14,000 dogs, representing more than 100 breeds, and found that variations in behavior between breeds can be attributed to genetic variations between those breeds, suggesting a genetic basis for breed differences in behavior. This was the case for both separation problems and energy but was especially pronounced for trainability, which can be seen when a dog demonstrates willingness to fetch objects. In a different study, researchers found that, with regard to trainability, the English mastiff behaves in notably different ways than the Yorkshire terrier. Together, these findings imply that