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Horizontal gene transfer involves the exchange of genetic material between organisms not in a parent-offspring relationship. It is common among prokaryotes (single-celled organisms such as the bacteria Brevibacillus borstelensis and Massilia timonae). The process can have the effect of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics; as such, an understanding of how to prevent horizontal gene transfer might result in the mitigation of dangerous pathogens (organisms that cause disease).

A common perception of horizontal gene transfer is inaccurate.

Horizontal gene transfer is more common than was initially thought.

The results of new research into horizontal gene transfer cast doubt on earlier findings.

The study of horizontal gene transfer may yield findings with useful applications.