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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
When a 2-millimeter-thick sample of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber fiber was twisted, its average surface temperature increased by .
- Generally, an object will heat up when twisted.
- The twisting of an object is known as torsion.
- A 2019 study led by Zunfeng Liu and Ray Baughman tested the torsional heating of various fibers.
- When a 0.7-millimeter-thick sample of single-ply nickel-titanium (NiTi) wire was twisted, its average surface temperature increased by