The 1856 invention of the first artificial dye initiated an industrial transformation that influences manufacturing to this day. At the same time, the legal and economic imperatives generated by this transformation—the need to protect innovations, establish monopolies over synthetic processes, and ensure profits sufficient to fund further research— patent law a critical component in the chemical industry.
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Verbal·Standard English Conventions·Boundaries
hardWhich choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A
by making
B
have made
C
having made
D
making