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The Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) examines trends in childhood development among 19,000 people in the United Kingdom unfolding over many years. As is true of most longitudinal studies, this need for years of data collection results in high costs. By contrast, a relatively straightforward fitness study, such as one that is merely trying to identify the percentage of regular exercisers in a city who do weight training, may not need a large budget because ______