Which choice most logically completes the text? | Verbal SAT Question

Quasars—such as CID-42, located in the Sextans constellation—are extremely luminous galactic nuclei powered by supermassive black holes, some of which are known to have developed within the first billion years of the formation of the universe. Based on simulations they conducted, astrophysicists Daniel Whalen, Muhammad Latif, and colleagues concluded that these early quasars developed partly as a result of rare convergences of gases. Rather than producing stars, some of these gas clouds accumulated so much mass that they collapsed in on themselves, creating primordial quasars. If this conclusion is correct, it suggests that

Which choice most logically completes the text?

quasars formed more than approximately one billion years after the formation of the universe should be less massive than quasars formed earlier.

in the early universe, clouds of converging gases tended to accumulate so much mass that they could not maintain their structures.

gases with relatively high masses converged with other gases more often than did gases with relatively low masses.

mass played a critical role in determining if these clouds of gases would coalesce into stars or become quasars.