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Now seen as a mechanical precursor to the e-reader, Spanish educator and inventor Angela Ruiz Robles's Enciclopedia Mecanica eschewed pages in favor of three horizontal paper scrolls that could be easily swapped out to accommodate a range of subjects. Though Ruiz Robles's prototype had limited functionality, interactive features described in her 1949 patent --- such as a button labeled "verb" that would illuminate relevant text when pressed --- ______ an impressive early vision of hypertext.