As volcanologists like Tamsin Mather are apt to make clear, not all v… | Verbal SAT Question

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

As volcanologists like Tamsin Mather are apt to make clear, not all volcanoes are the same. Tendürek in Turkey, for example, is a shield volcano, a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a warrior’s shield lying on the ground. Opala in Russia, is a caldera, a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption.

in any case,

in contrast,

in conclusion,

in fact,