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In a 2024 study, Corrine Walsh and colleagues examined whether the composition of soil microbial communities could affect plants’ flavor chemistry. Whereas Baslam et al. (2011) showed that adding specific bacterial or fungal strains to soil can yield increased flavonoid content in spinach crops, Walsh and team applied intact microbial communities gathered from ecologically distinct settings across Colorado, including areas of ponderosa pine forest and irrigated pasture, to mustard plants and evaluated the flavor compounds in the plants’ seeds. This ensured that the microbial conditions in their experiment would better reflect the variation and complexity of naturally occurring communities.